Sports Athletes Should Not Be Better Than Their Opponent

Introduction- In the world of sports, competitive athletes are willing to do whatever is necessary to be better than their opponent. The nature of the competitive drive in some athletes is precisely what separates the average from the elite. Compared to their novice counterparts, elite athletes usually have a more extensive knowledge-base of sport-specific information and are more adept at using said knowledge efficiently to identify, remember and manipulate relevant information in their specialist sport (Swann, Moran, Piggott, 2015). In order to achieve max performance, an elite athlete must be skilled in their craft, meaning they are able to produce the skills needed reliably, on demand, and with very little luck. Demonstrating their skill ability by maximizing the certainty of the intended goal achievement, minimizing their energy expenditure (physically and mentally), and minimizing the time used (Schmidt Lee, 2015). An athletes’ cognitive performance will ultimately reflect in their physical capabilities. In today’s society, elite athletes and their followers are consumed with idea of being even bigger, even faster, and even stronger than ever before. To keep up with the demands elite athletes face its critical to develop new training methods, allowing athletes to set and surpass new standards of success. The intense demands required of elite-level athletes to excel in their field makes it increasingly difficult to find alternative training methods to provide aShow MoreRelatedFair Play Means Using Sport to Make a Better World1612 Words   |  7 PagesFair Play means using Sport to make a better world. To be successful in sport, you need to have the right attitude. Honesty, dignity, fair play, respect, teamwork, commitment and courage are essential to lead a memorable sporting performance. All of these indispensible values can be summed up in the term ‘fair play’. 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It might seem a little crazy, that is, that some athletes take drugs to help with speed recovery, but they’re very harmful to the body. Even though the drugs help players with recovery, speed, fitness, and strength, drugs are harmful toRead MoreSportsmanship : A Sport Fairly And Loses Gracefully910 Words   |  4 PagesCasey Harral English 1101-23 Sylvia Johnson November 2, 2015 Sportsmanship One who plays a sport fairly and loses gracefully is how The Merriam Webster Dictionary defines sportsmanship, but what is true Sportsmanship considered to you? Is it an attitude, or simply an act? Sportsmanship can be handled in several different ways. It’s how one team handles another on and off the field. Simply it could also be said as just the way you handle the game in general after a tough loss, or after an easyRead MoreDefinition Essay on Sportsmanship916 Words   |  4 Pagesthe term Sportsmanship during any sports event, very few individuals are actually familiar with the true definition of the word. For some it is the behavioral aspect shown by the participating teams or athletes while others it is more than just a routine behavior and is associated with the deep rooted respect of the opponent as well as the outcome of an event. Sportsmanship is known to be an aspiration which supports the argument that any sporting activity should be enjoyed without the worry ofRead MoreEssay on Pro Athletes and Violent Crimes1382 Words   |  6 Pagescompetitive nature of todays sports associations calls for athletes to be aggressive and forceful , both physically and mentally. This aggressive mentality stays with some athletes off the field, and may explain why so many athletes are committing violent crimes. Society calls for athletes to give flawless performances in the stadiums and arenas. The fans have grown accustomed to high flying, hard hitting shows of athleticism and finesse, and oftentimes an athletes success gains them a elevatedRead MoreThe Problem With Mental Toughness Essay1413 Words   |  6 PagesMental toughness is not a new concept in sport, but is generally misunderstood. Coaches design programmes to develop mentally tough athletes, predominately in professional sport, to separate elite performers from good performers (Gould, Jackson, Finch, 1993) as physical talent itself is not the only component that can lead an athlete to success (Gucciardi, Gordon, Dimmock, 2008). The main problems with mental toughness are the inconsistency of its definition, and a lack of research into clearly

The Skill of Writing Essay - 677 Words

The Skill of Writing Writing and reading are two essential skills that we need to have in order to succeed in any field of study that we have chosen. Without these two we would not be here, wouldn’t be writing right now and would be considered the lowest class of our society. There are different aspects of writing that each of us may, or may not, excel at. Some of us are creative enough to write short stories or even novels on fiction while others, like me, are better at writing essays. To accomplish this we have all had a person to inspire us, to drive us, to get us over the hump of confidence that we need to succeed. Still to be successful we need to count on ourselves to succeed. I for one am better at writing essays on a†¦show more content†¦I can easily write essays when I have a given prompt, I run into the trouble when I have to think up the prompt. To me writing essays has become part of me; it isn’t longer a strain to perform. You can almost say that it comes naturally. It has become naturally because of a person that deeply affected at my writing skills and that person was a teacher by the name of Mrs. Donnellan. At the beginning of the year we were afraid of writing essays. The first essay that we wrote took us about two days to complete, it wasn’t difficult it was that we didn’t have creativity and technique to do them. From then on we wrote all year long and we became good at them, how good? At the end of the year our exam was to complete three well developed essays in a 90 minute period, it was a breeze. The only thing that became tired was our hands, but not our minds. Every writer has an inspiration it could be an instructor or someone or something with a special interest in life. To me it was an instructor I know that that teacher made the difference in my writing abilities; I could probably be lost without her knowledge. I think that my strength that applies the most to me is re sponsibility. 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There are many mistakes will be made in my essay, such as grammar mistakes, wrong spell of vocabulary and the logic of chaos, which make me cannot write a excellent essay as I expect. So after knowing that I would be taking CC112, I wasRead MoreThe Importance Of Writing Skills And Oral Skills867 Words   |  4 Pagesof Writing Skills and Oral skills Mr. Price emphasized the importance of writing skills. He said that when you use it daily it is always important to sound professional. He also said what person would like to go through a document or email and see errors throughout. The textbook states, â€Å"many job listings mention the need for excellent oral and written communication† (Guffey and Loewy 3). 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Brain storming Read MoreReading and Writing Skills4296 Words   |  18 Pagestaken from wikipedia and some other sources: Importance of Good Writing and Reading Skills Effective Writing and Reading Skills for Effective Communication Feb 21, 2009 Alla Kondrat [pic] Effective Writing Skills - GJo Effective writing and reading skills are as important for effective communication as speaking and listening skills. [pic][pic][pic][pic] They are not just a set of basic skills people are taught at school. Writing and reading are an integral part of each educated individual’s lifeRead MoreImportance Of Persuasive Writing Skills In Writing784 Words   |  4 Pagespersuasive writing skills have remained stagnant and have not grown much since I graduated from high school. The coursework of my chemical engineering classes has focused more on technical writing to convey data and facts to evaluate a hypothesis rather than to persuade a reader to think differently. 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Management of People at Work Free Essays

Social Inventions of groups of people working to achieve their goals 2. Goal Accomplishment- Individual assembled to achieve goals that cannot be done by one man alone 3. Group Effort– By combining as a team, they can thus work efficiently to achieve goals What is Organizational Behavior? Attitudes and behaviors of individual and group in organizations. We will write a custom essay sample on Management of People at Work or any similar topic only for you Order Now Involves systematic study of these attitudes and behaviors, and should be of interest to all students of management Why study ABHOR? 1. It is interesting 2. It Is Important as It helps us be more efficient . Makes a difference because good companies are the one practicing It ABHOR goals 1. Predicting People’s Behavior – Predicting what people wants to do in work life 2. Explaining Behavior- Explain why people work in different way 3. Managing it- The art of getting things accomplished via others. If It can be predicted, It can be managed Early Prescription 2 phases to pursue correct way to manage organization 1. Sass, managers believe high specialization of labor, intensive coordination, centralized decision making to solve issue (Classical View- Authoritative) 2. Hawthorne Studies ?Human relations movement was critique of classical management and bureaucracy that advocated management styles that were more participative and oriented toward employee needs (Participative) Contingency Approach This approach recognize there Is no best method depends on situation- No best method What Managers do? 1. Managerial Roles vary with management level and organizational technology 2. Interpersonal Roles- Roles that are used to establish and maintain interpersonal relations. Figurehead roles and spokesperson roles 3. Decisional Roles- Makes decision and the negotiator role Managerial Activities 1. Routine communications (Exchange Info, handle paperwork with people) 2. Traditional Management (Planning, Decision Making) 3. Networking (Socializing, politicking) 4. Human Resource Management (Managing Conflict, Staffing, training and development) One of the most fascinating findings is how emphasis on these various activities relates to management success. People who promote faster tends to do more networking and less human resource management. However, if success is successful managers are those who devote more time and effort to human resource management and less networking. Managerial Agendas Successful Managers has similar patterns via – Agenda Setting, Networking and Agenda 1 . Agenda Setting- Managers tend to develop agendas of what they want to accomplish for organization. Usually Informal unwritten, more concerned with ‘people issues’ and less numerical than most formal strategic plans 2. Networking- Managers established wide formal and informal network of key people inside and outside of organization to ensure cooperation inside and outside. 3. Agenda implementation- Managers use networks to implement agendas. They will go anywhere to obtain assistance. Managerial Minds Intuition- Problem identification and solve issues in a systematic manner International Managers- National Culture is one of the most important contingency variables with more ideas Contemporary Management Concerns 1. Diversity Local and Global-With more diversity, people need to be treated fairly and equally so that issues can be solved 2. Employee- Organization Relationship – Downsizing, Restructuring engineering have been having lots of consequences of employees, lower Job satisfaction, lower morale, trust ETC. ABHOR states its important that managers can manage these issues positively 3. Focus on quality, Speed and Flexibility – Increasing competition states Organizations have to do things faster because there is a greater need for quality, speed and flexibility to maintain standard 4. Employee Recruitment and Retention- Organizations find it difficult to sustain skilled employees in their workforce. Lack of skilled labor is a big issue for organizations and its expected to get worse as baby boomers begin to retire. Recruitment process then has to be more effective to find these employees Personality and Learning Personality – Stable set of psychological characteristic that influence the way individual interact with his or her environment. It is reflected in the way people react to other people, situations and problems. Personality and Organization behavior Individuals possess stable traits or characteristic. Interactions approach, ABHOR is a function of dispositions and situation. 5 Factor model of Personality Extroversion/Neurotics/Agreeableness/Conscientiousness/Openness to Experience Evidence state that big 5 is related to Job performance. High conscientiousness is related to performance for all occupations and the best predictor of performance of all big 5. It is also related to motivation, Job satisfaction and career success Locus of Control- Beliefs that one’s behavior is controlled by external force or internal Self Monitoring- Attitude of being aware of surrounding or not -High self monitors tend to be more involved in Jobs and to perform at a higher level. These Jobs usually includes sales, law, public relations and politics Self Esteem by surroundings. Higher Self Esteem tend to view world more optimistically. Proactive Personality- Positive affectively tends to report world as having less stress Greater Self-Efficacy – Trait that refers to individual belief that in his own capability to do well regardless of situation. They tend to have higher Job satisfaction, higher Job performance. Core Self Evaluation- Self Esteem/Self-Efficacy/Locus of control/ neurotics What is Learning? When practice or experience leads to a permanent change in behavior. We assume that learning has occurred when individual behavior change. 4 types- Practical/ Interpersonal/elementariness/Cultural Awareness 4 types -Job Specific Skills/ Knowledge/ Technical Competence Operant Learning Theory- Subjects learns to operate on environment to achieve certain consequences. Operant Leaning can be used to increase or reduce probability of behavior Increasing the Probability of Behavior Promoting behavior is reinforcement?By which Stimuli strengthen behaviors. 2 Behaviors are – Positive reinforcement/Negative reinforcement Positive Reinforcement- Increase or maintain probability of some behavior, this sends to be pleasant stimuli Negative Reinforcement- Increase or maintains probability of some behavior by removing them in the situation. Tends to be unpleasant experience Organizational Errors Involving Reinforcement 1. Confusing Rewards with Reinforces – Stating why rewards are given clearly 2. Neglecting Diversity in Preference for Reinforces -Provide the right benefits- Workaholic may not like holidays 3. Neglecting Important sources of reinforcement – Feedback is good to let people know how well or bad they have done 4. Reinforcement strategies Reducing Probability of Behavior 1. Extinction- Limiting bad attitudes e. G- shorter breaks etc 2. Punishments – Provide punishment deduct pay etc 3. Using punishments effectively?Make sure punishment is truly aversive/punish immediately/do not reward behaviors before/after punishments 4. Do not punish desirable behavior Punishments can be effective to stop unwanted behavior and hence extinguish unwanted response. Reinforcing good behaviors is better than punishing bad behaviors Social Cognitive Theory Human behavior can be best explained through system of triadic reciprocal . Albert Bandeau social cognitive theory involves 3 parts 1. Modeling – Copying others behavior, some can learn by copying others 2. Self-Efficacy- beliefs people have on their ability to successfully perform the task. 3. Self-regulation- Regulating oneself 1. Organizational behavior modification – Systematic use of learning principles – Can use all 3, money positive feedback to improve returns 2. Employee Recognition Program – Publicly recognize employees- how to recognize, type of behavior encouraged, manner of public acknowledgement, token of recognition 3. Training program – Positive effect on learning, skills and Job behaviors help to set goals when rewards sanctions used in trainees work environment 4. Career Development – Individual progress through a series of stages which involves certain plans and management component. Perception- Interpreting messages of our sense to provide order and meaning of environment. Most important perception that influence organizational behavior are the perceptions of each other Components of Perception 1. Perceiver – Experience/motives/emotions can affect perception 2. Target – Ambiguity or lack of target leads of greater need of interpretation of information 3. Situation 1. Social Identity Theory?People form perceptions of themselves based on characteristics based on gender, religion, nationality, religion etc. 2. Model of the Perceptual Process – Initially less cues of information from the target but as time passes, it becomes clearer and easier to decipher messages 3. Basic Biases in Person A. Primary Regency Effect – Form impressions of others fairly quickly. We tend to read a lot into first impressions. B. Reliance on Central Traits- We read into others behavior based on their initial impressions C. Implicit Personality Theories- We organize our perceptions of others around the presence of certain traits or personal characteristics of others that are particular interest to us D. Projection?If we are always honest, people tend to believe we are honest E. Stereotype- Putting players into a certain category to Judge their behavior (Page 13) 1. Consistency Cues- How consistent to his goals 2. Consensus Cues- How his actions deviate from social expectations tell us more about his behavior 3. Distinctiveness Cues- How How to cite Management of People at Work, Essays

Compare and contrast The Darkness Out There by Penelope Lively and The Red Room by H G Wells Essay Example For Students

Compare and contrast The Darkness Out There by Penelope Lively and The Red Room by H G Wells Essay Story 1 Story 1 is about teenagers in a club who go around helping old people. The club is called the Good Neighbours Club. There is a girl called Sandra. Pat asked her to go to Mrs. Rutters house to help out. Mrs. Rutter lived in Packers End. Packers End is a place where you should not go alone. People say that once a German plane crashed there in the war and the aircrew all died. People imagined wolves, scattered bones, witches and tigers lived in Packers End but when Sandra walked down she saw neat grass and heard robins singing. Sandra finally made it through Packers End and when she got there the person she was to work with scared her. His name was Kerry Stevens. They got to Mrs. Rutters house and they saw sweet old women with a wonky leg. Once they got in, they started doing the work. Mrs. Rutter kept complimenting Sandra and she hardly said anything to Kerry. Then Sandra and Mrs. Rutter started talking about Mrs. Rutters husband. He died in the war, right at the start of it. Then they started talking about the German plane that crashed in Packers End in the war. Mrs. Rutter said that she saw it come down. She said that the plane was all smashed up before she got to see the whole of the plane. Sandra was astonished she said ooh I wouldnt have gone close to It. Said Sandra. She said that she heard the engine and knew it was going to come down. Mrs. Rutter said that they had no telephones so no one could call the police. Then Mrs. Rutter started explaining how her and her sister Dot went to go and look at the plane that crashed. We got our wellies on, and dot had a lantern. And we went off. It was not very . we cheered I can tell you. Dot said goes some more of the bastards. They were just going to go back home when heard a sort of moaning noise. They went back to see what it was but all they saw was two dead people in front of them. Then Mrs. Rutter started to explain that 1 of the two people she thought was dead was not dead but hurt pretty bad. Mrs. Rutter said that she knew that he was not going to last long so her and her sister went back to the cottage leaving him to die. There was silence in the room. Then after the silence she continued the story. She went back the next day to where the plane was, to see if the man was dead or not. But when she got there she saw that he was still alive. I never imagined he would last the night. Said Mrs. Rutter. She said that she could see him better now it was light. First she thought it was an old bloke but it was not he was in his twenties. She said that he had seen her but he was in too much pain to look at her. Then she said to the pilot you had this coming to you mate, theres a war on. She said to Sandra and Kerry that why should I do anything for him I mean nobody done anything for my Bill. Bill was Mrs. Rutters husband. Kerry got so angry and said he was leaving. Then Sandra said that she would go with him. Mrs. Rutter was surprised that they were leaving. Kerry said that he would never go to Mrs. Rutters house again. He found out that Mrs. Rutter could have helped the man instead of leaving him to die a slow and painful death. He found out by that story that the two people were not men they were Mrs. Rutter and her sister Dot and no girl got raped but someone got murdered. Story 2 Story two is about three old people who live in a castle. They think it is haunted but it is not. The three people who live there are the man with the withered arm, the old women and the man with the shade. A man comes to the house and he wants to stay in the house. All of the old people think that the house is haunted but the young man does not believe them. The man said to the old people if I saw this haunted room I will be more comfortable with myself. The old women said tonight out all nights you go to the Red Room alone. The man said fine I will go by myself which way is it. The man with the withered arm gave him directions. He looked at the table as he left the room, to see what the old people are doing after he left. He left the room, lit the candle and walked down a chilly passage. He said to himself that three old pensioners in one big old-fashioned house with old furniture scared him a bit. He thinks that the old people belong to another age, an age of old witches and omens. He went off down the chilly passage where the echoes rang up and down the staircase. He was getting a little scared now because he was all alone in a dark chilly passage. He told himself to get all the scary ideas out of his own head. He was talking to himself. He finally got to the Red Room. He found a person dead there. It was a person who wanted to go to the Red Room as well but did not make it. Ode on Melancholy and ode to autumn EssayHe knows the way to the room quite well. The only thing that the man with the withered arm kept saying was it is of your own choosing. The man with the shade in Story 2 is known as the second old man. He was more bent and wrinkly than the man with the withered arm. The man with the shade supported himself by a single crutch, his eyes were covered by a shade, and his lower lip, half averted, hung pale and pink from his decaying yellow teeth. He sat on the opposite table to everyone else and when he sat down he started to cough. The man with the shade did not realize that the young man was in the room. He is quite a slow man. In Story 1 Mrs. Rutters cottage is placed in Packers End. There were a lot of bad stories that went around Packers End. When all the children were young and they heard about what went on down Packers End they were scared and now they are all grown up they dont believe any of the stories. Mrs. Rutter lived in a small cottage. The house was a bit old because Mrs. Rutter said to Sandra and Kerry just give it a push. It sticks see. That means that the house is so old that the doors have begun to stick. In Story 2 the Red Room is set in a haunted castle. Everyone that lives in the haunted house thinks it is haunted. The only story that is true about this room is that the duke died in the room after falling down the stairs that lead up to the Red Room. People think it was a ghost who pushed him but no body really knows what happened. Some of the language used in Story 1 is modern colloquial language. Like the word chocky the author use these words to give atmosphere to the old women. Story 1 opens with a description of the outside. The author has written in non Standard English. The language used in Story 2 is very descriptive. It gives you large detail of each character. The language used in this story is archaic language. It is written in pre 20th century language. Story 2 opens with a conversation. It immediately gets to the point. Using archaic language in the story the author I think has made it sound interesting and using the language it does. In Story 2 when someone asks a question the reply is always short. In the whole of Story 2 the author has not used modern English in it once. During the middle of the story the language is slowed down to make it sound more dramatic. Story 1 and Story 2 are both different from each other. Story 1 is about, an old woman called Mrs. Rutter who once saw a German plane crash down in Packers End. She could have helped one of the German aircrew survive but did not. She left him there to die because her husband got killed in the war and no body helped him survive so she didnt help the man. Story 2 is about a man who wants to go up to a room that is called Red Room but no one in the house which the Red Room is situated in wants to go up there with him because they think it is haunted. They tell him the way and he goes up there by himself. When he is in front of the Red Room he gets a bit scared because of what the old people said and at the end he does not get to the Red Room in the end because he bangs his head trying to get out of the room. He wakes up in the morning in the living room with three old people looking at him. He tells all of them that it is true that the room is haunted but they tell him that the room is not haunted but it was all in the mind. The two stories are a little bit similar because in both stories darkness is mentioned and people are scared of it. The darkness in Story 1 is Packers End. Everybody is scared to go down it at night because of all the stories they heard about it and the darkness in Story 2 is the Red Room. People think it is haunted and start to imagine that ghosts exist and all sorts of things are happening but really it is happening in the mind. The fear of darkness will never go away as long as people still keep the fear in their hearts. When it is in the heart at night it automatically goes into your mind and you start to get scared of nothing really. The story I enjoyed most was Story 2 because it was more realistic than Story 1 because Story 2 kept you in more suspicion than Story 1. It gave you more description of the characters and I understood it more. When I read Story 1 I did not realize that Mrs. Rutter left the German man to die. When I read Story 2 once I understood it straight away that people are only scared about things they hear about because darkness is involved and that there were no ghosts really it was in the head and that it was a not a ghost who was blowing the candles out, it was the cold breeze coming from the door. Story 1 is a good Story 2 but I think that Story 2 is better.